PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN TRANSISI ENERGI: IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN PASCA PRESIDENSI G20 INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61261/muctj.v1i1.14Keywords:
Transisi Energi, G20, Analisis PESTLE, Model 5 Kekuatan PoterAbstract
Perbaikan ekonomi pasca pandemi Covid-19 telah mendorong kenaikan permintaan energi global lebih tinggi dari periode sebelum pandemi. Sayangnya, pasokan energi menjadi terganggu dengan adanya perang di Ukraina, sehingga memicu terjadinya inflasi dan kekhawatiran terhadap keamanan energi di berbagai negara. Sebagai 80% konsumen energi dunia, negara G20 di bawah kepemimpinan Indonesia tentu berkewajiban memberikan kontribusi nyata dalam menjembatani isu keamanan energi dan isu transisi energi. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan studi literatur dari berbagai artikel ilmiah, publikasi lembaga internasional, dan artikel media, studi ini mencoba mengambil pendekatan multi-dimensi dalam mengulas isu transisi energi di tingkat G20 menggunakan analisis PESTLE. Hasil analisis tersebut kemudian dijadikan rujukan implikasi kebijakan yang perlu diambil Indonesia pasca komitmen pendanaan mekanisme transisi energi senilai USD 20 miliar. Selain itu, digunakan pula Model 5 Kekuatan Porter untuk melihat seberapa kompetitifnya industri energi bersih di tanah air sebagai mitra pemerintah dalam transisi energi. Hasilnya, langkah strategis yang disiapkan pemerintah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang menjadi sumbatan (bottleneck) transisi energi dan memperkuat aspek teknologi yang menjadi pengaktif (enabler) sudah sesuai dengan hasil analisis multi-dimensi yang disusun. Namun demikian, ke depan pemerintah juga perlu mengkaji sejumlah regulasi untuk menciptakan ekosistem energi bersih yang terintegrasi, memberi perhatian terhadap adanya biaya peralihan yang perlu ditanggung konsumen, dan menerapkan pajak karbon secara berkeadilan dan tepat sasaran untuk menurunkan keunggulan kompetitif produk-produk berbasis energi fosil.
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